2013년 11월 27일 수요일

About 'arts and design high school'|The Ringling School of Art and Design and a ghost named Mary







About 'arts and design high school'|The Ringling School of Art and Design and a ghost named Mary








Fine               Arts               teachers               often               cringe               when               their               classes               are               referred               to               by               unknowing               parents               or               colleagues               as               'Crafts'               or               'Arts               &               Crafts'.

There               is,               in               fact,               a               major               difference               between               Fine               Arts               and               Arts               &               Crafts,               both               of               which               are               distinct               entities.

Often,               the               terms               are               used               interchangeably               by               the               uninformed,               but               to               an               Art               teacher               (or               professional               artist),               there               is               a               negative               stigma               attached               and               one               cannot               be               mistaken               for               the               other.

Learn               how               to               recognize               the               difference               between               Fine               Arts               and               Arts               &               Crafts               below:               High               Art               vs.

School               Art               -               A               Look               into               the               History               of               Art               Education
               Art               Education               became               a               required               discipline               in               U.S.

schools               during               the               1800's               Industrial               Revolution,               when               students               primarily               learned               drawing               and               drafting,               important               skills               which               could               be               used               in               designing               factories               and               engineering               new               products.
               An               Art               Education               trend               in               the               early               1900's               led               to               the               introduction               of               'School               Art.'               It               was               thought               that               children               shouldn't               learn               technical               skills,               but               should               be               experimenting               with               materials               and               creating               images               of               their               choosing.

Enthusiasm               was               more               important               than               learning               skills,               and               new               materials               such               as               finger               paint               were               invented.
               When               the               progressive               Montessori               curriculum               became               popular,               children               were               taught               to               use               materials               only               in               a               specific,               acceptable               way               that               did               not               create               a               mess.

Individual               expression               was               disregarded               and               emphasis               was               placed               on               making               the               school               polite               and               hospitable.

These               trends               created               the               basis               of               the               modern               Kindergarten               and               elementary               classroom               -               where               'School               Art'               was               designed               to               be               child-centered,               based               on               warm               holiday               themes,               non-messy,               and               experimental.
               Arising               later,               a               backlash               against               'School               Art'               proclaimed               that               this               was               not               Art               at               all               and               did               not               teach               students               an               appreciation               for               the               'High               Art'               that               existed               in               museums               and               the               professional               Art               world.
               What               is               Arts               &               Crafts?
               In               the               Art               world,               'Crafts'               is               the               overall               term               for               artwork               or               products               that               are               skillfully               created               by               hand               by               practiced               experts               -               'the               craft               of               woodworking',               'the               craft               of               glassblowing',               or               the               'craft               of               pottery'.
               The               term               'Craft',               however,               has               been               taken               out               of               context               to               represent               the               'crafts'               made               by               young               children               and               to               those               who               set               up               handmade,               seasonal               home-decorating               wares               for               sale               at               'craft'               shows.

The               term               has               been               turned               into               a               verb               and               adjective:               "I'm               feeling               crafty               today!"               or               used               as               a               decorating               style:               "I'm               decorating               my               living               room               with               crafts."               In               a               school               setting,               'Arts               &               Crafts'               is               the               new               term               for               the               idea               of               'School               Art',               referring               to               students               making               a               similar               general               decorative               product               from               the               step-by-step               instructions               of               an               advisor.
               What               is               Fine               Arts?
               In               the               Art               world,               'Fine               Arts'               is               the               term               used               for               the               overall               study               of               the               professional               field               of               Art               -               past               and               present.

In               a               school               setting,               'Fine               Arts'               refers               to               students               learning               who               professional               artists               are               and               what               they               do,               utilizing               strategies,               perfecting               advanced               skills,               studying               history               and               gaining               an               appreciation               for               'High               Art.'
               The               Focus
               The               focus               of               Arts               &               Crafts               is               for               students               to               create               single,               guided               activities               with               a               pre-conceived               end               result.

Often,               the               assigned               projects               are               based               on               holiday               themes,               events,               or               in               conjunction               with               enhancing               learning               in               another               topic.

For               instance,               if               students               are               learning               about               penguins               in               Science,               they               might               take               half-gallon               milk               containers               and               craft               them               into               standing               penguins;               or,               if               Thanksgiving               is               approaching,               students               might               be               assigned               to               trace               their               hands               and               fingers,               then               glue               on               feathers               to               create               turkeys.

If               students               are               introduced               to               a               culture,               often               it               is               stereotypically               touching               the               surface               (like               cutting               out               menorahs               or               making               a               dream-catcher).

The               focus               in               Arts               &               Crafts               is               making               a               product.
               The               focus               of               Fine               Arts               is               for               students               to               learn               the               history               of               Art               -artists,               cultures,               movements,               style               and               the               history               of               civilization;               to               improve               skills,               vocabulary,               techniques               and               studio               methods               based               on               the               practices               of               real               artists;               and               to               discern,               think               critically               about,               and               evaluate               Art.

A               Fine               Arts               lesson               may               begin               with               studying               the               history               of               Japanese               printmaking               and               the               artist               Hokusai,               learning               the               methods               of               relief               printmaking,               creating               a               print,               and               then               evaluating               it               critically               afterwards.

When               students               are               introduced               to               other               cultures,               the               Fine               Arts               teacher               goes               into               detail,               placing               an               artwork               in               its               cultural               context               (students               do               not               just               recreate               an               African               mask,               they               learn               how               and               why               they               were               made,               their               significance               and               symbolism,               then               create               an               original               idea               for               a               mask               of               their               own,               using               similar               techniques).

The               focus               in               Fine               Arts               is               gaining               in-depth               knowledge.
               The               Materials
               The               materials               used               in               Arts               &               Crafts               include               inexpensive,               safe,               readily               available               products:               washable               paints,               glitter,               school               glue,               feathers,               googly-eyes,               cookie               cutters,               popsicle               sticks,               beads,               play-dough,               construction               paper,               Styrofoam               cups,               paper               plates,               chenille               pipe-cleaners,               yarn               and               often               dozens               of               pre-assembled               'kits.'
               The               materials               used               in               Fine               Arts               include               higher-quality               oil               and               acrylic               paints,               canvas,               clay,               specialty               brushes,               screen-printing               materials,               sharp               tools,               computers,               custom               products               used               for               certain               techniques,               and               other               materials               that               career               artists               use               in               the               field.
               The               Techniques
               The               techniques               of               Arts               &               Crafts               rely               heavily               on               students               learning               to               follow               directions.

This               often               explains               why               you               often               find               that               students               who               make               the               'best'               or               'neatest'               elementary               crafts               are               often               the               advanced               young               children               -               the               ones               who               have               learned               how               to               listen               to               a               teacher               and               follow               their               directions               closely.

Incidentally,               it               is               the               most               creative               students               that               tend               to               do               poorly               with               reproducing               examples               at               a               young               age,               but               later               grow               up               to               become               amazing,               creative               artists.
               The               techniques               of               Fine               Arts               are               predominantly               based               on               imitating               the               methods               used               by               professionals               and               working               on               perfecting               those               vocational               skills               -               whether               it               is               learning               how               to               use               equipment,               software,               tools,               research               methods,               critical               analysis,               or               principles               of               design.

While               students               are               mastering               the               techniques               of               professionals,               they               are               encouraged               to               think               creatively,               be               original               and               express               themselves.
               The               End               Result
               The               desired               end               result               of               an               Arts               &               Crafts               activity               is               to               create               a               duplicate               copy               of               a               teacher-made               project.

Often,               the               goal               is               for               students               to               do               their               best               in               neatly               copying               the               teacher's               example,               showing               expertise               in               simple               skills,               such               as               cutting,               gluing               and               assembling.

An               Arts               &               Crafts               teacher               wants               to               be               able               to               display               the               student's               work               in               the               hallway,               or               send               it               home               for               parents               to               display               on               the               refrigerator.
               The               desired               end               result               of               a               Fine               Arts               activity               is               for               students               to               creatively               express               themselves               and               their               own               interests               and               ideas,               while               experimenting               with               new               mediums               and               practicing               technical               skills.

A               Fine               Arts               teacher               wants               students               to               learn               from               the               process               of               the               activity,               which               is               seen               as               more               valuable               than               the               end               product.

Frequently,               there               are               open-ended               results               to               a               Fine               Arts               lesson.
               The               Benefits
               The               benefits               of               both               Arts               &               Crafts               and               Fine               Arts               are               many.

Arts               &               Crafts               introduces               and               helps               young               students               to               practice               basic               skill               sets.

Though               activities               are               carefully               guided,               students               are               given               the               opportunity               to               learn               about               the               decorative               arts,               and               their               interest               for               Art               may               be               developed               to               pursue               further               learning               in               Art               later               on.

In               short,               Arts               &               Crafts               helps               promote               interest               in               Fine               Arts.

Likewise,               the               benefits               of               Fine               Arts               are               many:               it               benefits               serious               Art               students               by               helping               them               to               advance               further               skill,               prepares               career               artists,               teaches               students               to               think               critically               about               the               world               around               them,               helps               students               to               understand               visual               media               and               cultural               propaganda,               and               enhances               learning               of               human               civilization.
               Who               cares?

Why               is               there               a               stigma?
               So               why               do               Art               teachers               care               if               they               are               referred               to               as               'Crafts'?

For               starters,               Art               teachers               are               constantly               on               the               guard               and               in               defense               of               their               positions.

They               have               to               be               -               schools               all               across               the               country               are               cutting               their               Art               programs.

From               the               "No               Child               Left               Behind"               Act,               schools               are               slashing               all               parts               of               education               not               associated               with               the               main               testing               areas               -               Reading/Writing,               Math,               etc.

Art               teachers               have               to               continually               advocate               for               their               programs               and               explain               how               Art               can               help               enhance               learning               in               other               subject               areas               -               Art               students               read               about               Art,               write               about               it,               learn               about               History,               use               Math,               scientifically               experiment               with               materials,               etc.

Art               teachers               are               constantly               promoting               the               educational               aspects               of               their               programs,               and               fighting               for               their               place               in               the               schools.

They               must               re-assert               that               they               are               not               babysitters,               they               do               not               glue               macaroni               on               paper               with               students,               they               do               not               have               students               draw               in               coloring               books               -               but               that               they               are               a               core               educational               program,               just               like               Math               or               Science,               teaching               their               own               state-required               objectives.

To               call               an               Art               teacher's               work               'Crafts'               is               to               essentially               demean               the               teacher               -               it               lowers               the               importance               of               everything               they               work               for,               and               deems               it               to               be               less               than               serious.
               A               Time               and               Place:               Fine               Arts               and               Arts               &               Crafts
               Would               you               say               that               'playing               catch'               is               equal               to               learning               the               fundamentals,               strategies,               teamwork,               and               history               of               Baseball?

Would               you               say               that               giving               a               child               a               tambourine               to               shake               is               equal               to               learning               about               the               history               of               Music,               important               composers,               playing               an               instrument               in               an               orchestra,               and               learning               about               rhythms,               crescendos,               chords               and               other               musical               terminology?

Probably               not.

While               one               is               an               entire               field               of               learning,               the               other               is               a               simple               activity               introducing               a               basic               skill               which               may               help               to               promote               interest               in               the               other               -               however,               both               are               valid               and               neither               is               better               or               more               correct               than               the               other.
               In               truth,               there               is               an               appropriate               time               and               place               for               both               Fine               Arts               and               Arts               &               Crafts,               as               they               both               offer               distinct               benefits               and               cater               to               different               audiences.

While               Crafts               may               be               more               appropriate               for               preschools,               general               classrooms,               Sunday               schools,               or               camps;               the               whole               discipline               of               Fine               Arts               is               what               should               be               taught               in               school               Art               classrooms.

The               importance,               however,               is               just               to               distinguish               between               the               two               and               understand               that               they               are               not               the               same               thing.
               Learning               the               difference               between               Fine               Arts               and               Arts               &               Crafts               is               important               for               a               number               of               reasons.

First,               it               helps               avoid               confusion               -               especially               for               students               (and               their               parents).

Second,               it               reiterates               the               importance               of               the               educational               aspect               of               Fine               Arts               -               a               subject               that               is               unfortunately               viewed               as               'expendable'               by               administrators               and               the               public               who               grew               up               viewing               FineArt               and               Crafts               as               interchangeable.

Third,               it               shows               respect               to               each               discipline,               by               giving               them               (and               their               teachers)               their               due               respect.






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